ADVANCED TOPICS IN POLITICAL ANALYSIS

Political Science 491

Chris Mooney Robert Duval Spring 1997
Office: 301E WDB, 293-3811 301A WDB, 293-3811 Class: 1-3:30
Hours: R 11:30-2:00 MWF 12:30-1:30 306E WDB

Statistical analysis is brought to bear in the social sciences under a wide variety of conditions, using a wide variety of data, to test hypotheses about a wide variety of relationships. Therefore, in order to read the current literature thoughtfully, and to choose and conduct the appropriate data analysis technique for a project, a political scientist must be exposed to the wide range of statistical approaches available.

Our goal for this course is to provide you with this sort of exposure. We will present some of the most commonly seen, as well as some of the most cutting edge, statistical analysis techniques that go beyond multiple regression analysis. These techniques include ARIMA modeling, vector autoregression, cointegration models, multinomial and bivariate logit, ordered probit, event history analysis, factor analysis, pooled cross sectional analysis, bootstrapping, Monte Carlo simulation, graphical presentation and analysis, among others.

While it would be impossible to master each of these in the course of a semester, we believe that by the end of the course, for each technique discussed a student should be able to:

Further, each student will demonstrate mastery of at least one of the techniques discussed by using it in a piece of original research, as discussed below.

We will spend much time in the computer lab, and we will use a variety of computer programs (e.g., RATS, GAUSS, LIMDEP, SPSS). This is necessary because no single program can, nor will ever be able to, do all the types of analysis we may need. While instruction in these programs is part of the course, students must have a mastery of at least one general statistical package (e.g., SAS, SPSS, NCSS, etc.) before entering the course.

The basic prerequisite of the course is at least two progressive semesters of statistics, yielding a thorough understanding of (at least) basic statistical inference and ordinary least squares regression analysis.

READINGS:

Much of the reading for the course will be from the following Sage QASS monographs (the "little green books"), which are available at the bookstore:

Required Texts
Liao, Tim Futing Interpreting Probability Models: Logit, Probit, and Other Generalized Linear Models
Aldrich, John H., and Forrest D. Nelson Linear Probability, Logit, and Probit Models
Sayrs, Lois W Pooled Time Series Analysis
Long, J. Scott Confirmatory Factor Analysis
McDowall, David, Richard McCleary, Errol E. Meidinger, and Richard A. Hay, Jr. Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Allison, Paul D. Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Event Data
Mooney, Christopher Z., and Robert D. Duval Bootstrapping: A Non-parametric Approach to Statistical Inference
Jacoby, William G Statistical Graphics for Visualizing Univariate and Bivariate Data
Mooney, Christopher Z. Monte Carlo Simulation


NOTE: The final two books in this list (Jacoby and Mooney) are due to be published in March, which should be in time for our discussion of them in the course. However, if they do not come in or if you want to read them sooner, I have the manuscripts which you can xerox at any time (this might actually be the cheaper way to go!).

There will also be a variety of articles and book chapters assigned weekly. See the course outline for details.

Students are expected to make at least their initial run through the readings before attending class.

ASSIGNMENTS:

Grades for the course will be based on two components: problem sets and a final paper.

Problem sets:

Problem sets will be assigned for each section of the course. These will consist of conducting and/or interpreting data analysis, and will be graded on a 0-1-2 scale, with a premium being placed on timely and thorough completion. Assignments will be due at class time on the specified date, and NO LATE PROBLEM SETS WILL BE ACCEPTED.

Most of these problems sets will require computer analysis. It is important, however, that you never turn in raw computer output. Your job is to conduct the analyses appropriately, interpret the results, and then present them in a useful way for the reader. Take as models for interpretation and presentation the sort of approach you see taken in journal articles using these techniques.

Final paper:

Each student will identify a significant research question in his/her field of study, gather data which represents the variables involved, and conduct analysis to address that question using one of the techniques discussed in the course. In order for us to provide guidance in the preparation of this paper, you will be required to turn in various brief intermediate papers throughout the semester. Always submit 2 copies of each assignment.

The schedule of these assignments
Due January 14 the general topic of the paper
Due January 28 the research question and hypothesis, and an extended substantive bibliography
Due February 11 a description of the data to be used, and how and when it is to be secure
Due March 18 a description of the data analysis technique to be used, how it is to be applied in this case, and a discussion of why it is the appropriate approach.
Due April 1 the data analysis results done to address the question
Due April 25 two copies of the completed paper


We expect each student to be in regular consultation with us as this paper develops.

The final paper is expected to be a significant piece of original research, along the lines of a journal article or research note. We anticipate that more than a couple of these papers will eventually find their way into the public domain, whether as national conference presentations and/or as published articles.

Final course grade weighting:

STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

If you are a person with a disability and anticipate needing any type of accommodation in order to participate in this class, please advise us and make appropriate arrangements with Disability Services (293-6700).

SOCIAL JUSTICE STATEMENT:

West Virginia University is committed to social justice. We concur with that commitment and expect to maintain a positive learning environment based upon open communication and mutual respect, and non-discrimination. Our University does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, age, disability, veteran status, religion, sexual orientation, color or national origin. Any suggestions as to how to further such a positive and open environment in this class will be appreciated and given serious consideration.

COURSE OUTLINE:

. AJPS.
January 7 Course Introduction- Making the Method Fit the Question
  Bartels, Larry M. and Henry E. Brady. 1993. "The State of Political Methodology," in Political Science: The State of the Discipline II, ed. Ada W. Finifter. Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association.
  ASSIGNMENT DUE JANUARY 14: The general topic of the final paper
January 14: Matrix Algebra
  Draper, N.R., and H. Smith, 1981. Applied Regression Analysis. New York: John Wiley, pp. 70-121.
  Neter, John, William Wasserman, and Michael H. Kutner. 1983. Applied Linear Regression Models. Homewood, IL: Irwin, pp.185-225. (OFFICE RESERVE)
January 21 Times Series Analysis I
A Basic Time Series Lexicon: Trend, Cycle, Season, Autocorrelation, GLS, Distributed Lags and Non-linear Regression
  Maddala, G. S. (1992) Introduction to Econometrics. pp: 229-250, 405-436.
  Hibbs, Doublas. (1973) "Problems of Statistical Estimation and Causal Inference in Time Series Regression Models". Sociological Methodology 1973-74. pp: 252-261.
(The classic piece that ushered in the age of time series in political science.)
  Dalton, Russell and Robert D. Duval. (1986) "The Political Environment and Foreign Policy Opinions: British Attitudes Toward European Integration, 1972-1979. BJPS, 16: 113-134.
  ASSIGNMENT DUE JANUARY 28: The research question and hypothesis, and an extended substantive bibliography
January 28 Times Series Analysis II
Univariate ARIMA Models
  Hibbs, Doublas. (1973) "Problems of Statistical Estimation and Causal Inference in Time Series Regression Models". Sociological Methodology 1973-74. pp: 262-308.
(The rest of it.)
  Maddala, G. S. (1992) Introduction to Econometrics. pp: 525-553.
February 4 Times Series Analysis III
Interrupted Time Series Analysis
     
  McDowall, David, Richard McCleary, Errol E. Meidinger, and Richard A. Hay, Jr. Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Sage.
  ASSIGNMENT DUE FEBRUARY 11: A description of the data to be used, and how and when it is to be secured
February 11 Times Series Analysis IV
Pooled Cross-sectional Time Series
  Stimson, James A. (1985) "Regression in Space and Time: A Statistical Essay
  Sayrs, Lois W. Pooled Time Series Analysis. Sage.
  Beck, Nathaniel and Jonathan Katz. (199?) ??. APSR.
February 18 Times Series Analysis V
A Whirlwind Tour of other Time Series Models
  Freeman, John R. (1983) "Granger Causality and the Time Series Analysis of Political Relationships" AJPS.
  Beck, Nathaniel. (1983) "Time Varying Parameter Regression Models" AJPS.
  Freeman, John R. (1989) "Vector Autoregression and the Study of Politics". AJPS. pp: 842-877.
  Maddala, G. S. (1992) Introduction to Econometrics. pp: 258-266, 577-603.
  Durr, Robert H. "What Moves Policy Sentiment?" APSR. 87 #1: 158-170.
February 25-March 11: Qualitative Dependent Variables in Regression Analysis
  Aldrich, John H., and Forrest D. Nelson. Linear Probability, Logit, and Probit Models. Sage.
  Liao, Tim Futing Interpreting Probability Models: Logit, Probit, and Other Generalized Linear Models. Sage.
  Huckfeldt, Robert, Paul Allen Beck, Russell J. Dalton, and Jeffrey Levine. 1995. "Political Environments, Cohesive Social Groups, and the Communication of Public Opinion." AJPS. 39:1025-1054.
  Martin, Cathie Jo. 1995. "Nature or Nurture? Sources of Firm Preference For National Health Reform." APSR. 89:898-913.
  Gerber, Elisabeth R. 1996. "Legislative Response to the Threat of Popular Initiatives." AJPS. 40:99-128.
  Recommended:
Greene, William H. 1993.
Econometric Analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan, pp. 691-715.
  ASSIGNMENT DUE MARCH 18: A description of the data analysis technique to be used, how it is to be applied in this case, and a discussion of why it is the appropriate approach
March 18: Monte Carlo Simulation
  Mooney, Christopher Z Monte Carlo Simulation. Sage. (OFFICE RESERVE)
  Bartels, Larry. 1993. "Messages Received: The Political Impact of Media Exposure." APSR. 87:267-285.
March 25: Bootstrap Statistical Inference
  Mooney, Christopher Z., and Robert D. Duval. Bootstrapping: A Non-parametric Approach to Statistical Inference. Sage.
  Granato, Jim, Ronald Inglehart, and David Leblang. 1996. "The Effect of Cultural Values on Economic Development: Theory, Hypotheses, and Some Empirical Tests." AJPS. 40:607-631.
  ASSIGNMENT DUE APRIL 1: The data analysis results done to address the question
April 1-8: Factor Analysis
  Rummell, Rudolph. (1966) "Understanding Factor Analysis". JCR XI #4: 444-480. (an antique article on an antique method.
  Long, J. Scott. Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Sage.
April 15 Event History Analysis
  Allison, Paul D. Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Event Data. Sage.
  Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., and Bradford S. Jones. 1997 "Time is of the Essence: Event History Models in Political Science." AJPS. Forthcoming. (OFFICE RESERVE)
  Warwick, Paul V. 1992. "Rising Hazards: An Underlying Dynamic of Parliamentary Government." AJPS. 36:857-876.
  Mooney, Christopher Z., and Mei-Hsien Lee. 1995. "Legislating Morality in the American States." AJPS. 30:599-627.
April 22: Graphical Presentation and Analysis
  Jacoby, William G Statistical Graphics for Visualizing Univariate and Bivariate Data Sage. (OFFICE RESERVE)
  Nardulli, Peter F. 1995 "The Concept of a Critical Realignment, Electoral Behavior, and Political Change." APSR. 89:10-22.
  ASSIGNMENT DUE APRIL 25: TWO COPIES of the final paper